Skip to main content

Hash Array Mapped Trie for C# - Feature Complete

I finally got around to finishing the immutable HAMT implementation I wrote about in my last post. The only missing features were tree merging and hash collision handling. Both features are now implemented with unit tests, and the whole branch has been merged back into "default".

It now also conforms to Sasa's standard collection semantics, namely the publicly exported type is a struct, so null reference errors are impossible, and it provides an atomic swap operation for concurrent use. Here's the API:

/// <summary>
/// An immutable hash-array mapped trie.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="K">The type of keys.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of values.</typeparam>
public struct Tree<K, T> : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<K, T>>,
                           IAtomic<Tree<K, T>>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The empty tree.
    /// </summary>
    public static Tree<K, T> Empty { get; }
    /// <summary>
    /// The number of elements in the tree.
    /// </summary>
    public int Count { get; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Find the value for the given key.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The key to lookup.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// The value corresponding to <paramref name="key"/>.
    /// </returns>
    /// <exception cref="KeyNotFoundException">
    /// Thrown if the key is not found in this tree.
    /// </exception>
    public T this[K key] { get; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Add the given key-value pair to the tree.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The key.</param>
    /// <param name="value">The value for the given key.</param>
    /// <returns>A tree containing the key-value pair.</returns>
    public Tree<K, T> Add(K key, T value);
    /// <summary>
    /// Remove the element with the given key.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The key to remove.</param>
    /// <returns>A tree without the value corresponding to
    /// <paramref name="key"/>.</returns>
    public Tree<K, T> Remove(K key);
    /// <summary>
    /// Merge two trees.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="other">The tree to merge with this one.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A tree merging the entries from <paramref name="other"/>.
    /// </returns>
    public Tree<K, T> Merge(Tree<K, T> other);
    /// <summary>
    /// Atomically set the slot.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="slot">The slot to set.</param>
    /// <returns>True if set atomically, false otherwise.</returns>
    public bool Set(ref Tree<K, T> slot);
}

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

async.h - asynchronous, stackless subroutines in C

The async/await idiom is becoming increasingly popular. The first widely used language to include it was C#, and it has now spread into JavaScript and Rust. Now C/C++ programmers don't have to feel left out, because async.h is a header-only library that brings async/await to C! Features: It's 100% portable C. It requires very little state (2 bytes). It's not dependent on an OS. It's a bit simpler to understand than protothreads because the async state is caller-saved rather than callee-saved. #include "async.h" struct async pt; struct timer timer; async example(struct async *pt) { async_begin(pt); while(1) { if(initiate_io()) { timer_start(&timer); await(io_completed() || timer_expired(&timer)); read_data(); } } async_end; } This library is basically a modified version of the idioms found in the Protothreads library by Adam Dunkels, so it's not truly ground bre

Building a Query DSL in C#

I recently built a REST API prototype where one of the endpoints accepted a string representing a filter to apply to a set of results. For instance, for entities with named properties "Foo" and "Bar", a string like "(Foo = 'some string') or (Bar > 99)" would filter out the results where either Bar is less than or equal to 99, or Foo is not "some string". This would translate pretty straightforwardly into a SQL query, but as a masochist I was set on using Google Datastore as the backend, which unfortunately has a limited filtering API : It does not support disjunctions, ie. "OR" clauses. It does not support filtering using inequalities on more than one property. It does not support a not-equal operation. So in this post, I will describe the design which achieves the following goals: A backend-agnostic querying API supporting arbitrary clauses, conjunctions ("AND"), and disjunctions ("OR"). Implemen

Easy Automatic Differentiation in C#

I've recently been researching optimization and automatic differentiation (AD) , and decided to take a crack at distilling its essence in C#. Note that automatic differentiation (AD) is different than numerical differentiation . Math.NET already provides excellent support for numerical differentiation . C# doesn't seem to have many options for automatic differentiation, consisting mainly of an F# library with an interop layer, or paid libraries . Neither of these are suitable for learning how AD works. So here's a simple C# implementation of AD that relies on only two things: C#'s operator overloading, and arrays to represent the derivatives, which I think makes it pretty easy to understand. It's not particularly efficient, but it's simple! See the "Optimizations" section at the end if you want a very efficient specialization of this technique. What is Automatic Differentiation? Simply put, automatic differentiation is a technique for calcu